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- <text id=90TT1275>
- <title>
- May 14, 1990: History? Education? Zap! Pow! Cut!
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- May 14, 1990 Sakharov Memoirs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 98
- History? Education? Zap! Pow! Cut!
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Pico Iyer
- </p>
- <p> In his new novel, Vineland, Thomas Pynchon, that disembodied
- know-it-all hiding out somewhere inside our nervous system,
- performs an eerie kind of magic realism on the McLuhanite world
- around us. His is an America, in 1984, in which reflexes,
- values, even feelings have been programmed by that All-Seeing
- Deity known as the Tube. Remaking us in its own image (every
- seven days), TV consumes us much more than we do it. Lovers woo
- one another on screens, interface with friends, cite TV sets
- as corespondents in divorce trials. And the children who have
- grown up goggle-eyed around the electric altar cannot believe
- that anything is real unless it comes with a laugh track: they
- organize their emotions around commercial breaks and hope to
- heal their sorrows with a PAUSE button. Watching their parents
- fight, they sit back and wait in silence for the credits.
- History for them means syndication; ancient history, the
- original version of The Brady Bunch.
- </p>
- <p> All this would sound crazy to anyone who didn't know that
- it was largely true. As the world has accelerated to the fax
- and satellite speed of light, attention spans have shortened,
- and dimension has given way to speed. A whole new aesthetic--the catchy, rapid-fire flash of images--is being born.
- Advertising, the language of the quick cut and the zap, has
- quite literally set the pace, but Presidents, preachers, even
- teachers have not been slow to get the message. Thus ideas
- become slogans, and issues sound bites. Op-ed turns into photo
- op. Politics becomes telegenics. And all of us find that we
- are creatures of the screen. The average American, by age 40,
- has seen more than a million television commercials; small
- wonder that the very rhythm and texture of his mind are
- radically different from his grandfather's.
- </p>
- <p> Increasingly, in fact, televisionaries are telling us to
- read the writing on the screen and accept that ours is a
- postliterate world. A new generation of children is growing up,
- they say, with a new, highly visual kind of imagination, and
- it is our obligation to speak to them in terms they understand.
- MTV, USA Today, the PC and the VCR--why, the acronym itself!--are making the slow motion of words as obsolete as
- pictographs. The PLAY button's the thing. Writing in the New
- York Times not long ago, Robert W. Pittman, the developer of
- MTV, pointed out just how much the media have already adjusted
- to the music-video aesthetic he helped create. In newspapers,
- "graphs, charts and larger-than-ever pictures tell the big
- story at a glance. Today's movie scripts are some 25% shorter
- than those of the 1940s for the same length movies." Even TV
- is cutting back, providing more news stories on every broadcast
- and less material in each one.
- </p>
- <p> There is, of course, some value to this. New ages need new
- forms, and addressing today's young in sentences of Jamesian
- complexity would be about as helpful as talking to them in
- Middle English. Rhetoric, in any case, is no less manipulative
- than technology, and no less formulaic. Though TV is a drug,
- it can be stimulant as well as sedative. And the culture that
- seems to be taking over the future is a culture so advanced in
- imagemaking that it advertises its new sports cars with
- two-page photographs of rocks (though the Japanese, perhaps,
- enjoy an advantage over us insofar as their partly ideogrammatic
- language encourages them to think in terms of images: haiku
- are the music videos of the printed word). Nor would this be
- the first time that technology has changed the very way we
- speak: the invention of typography alone, as Neil Postman
- writes, "created prose but made poetry into an exotic and
- elitist form of expression." No less a media figure than Karl
- Marx once pointed out that the Iliad would not have been
- composed the way it was after the invention of the printing
- press.
- </p>
- <p> Yet none of this is enough to suggest that we should simply
- burn our books and flood the classroom with TV monitors. Just
- because an infant cannot speak, we do not talk to him entirely
- in "goos" and "aahs"; rather, we coax him, gradually, into
- speech, and then into higher and more complex speech. That, in
- fact, is the definition of education: to draw out, to teach
- children not what they know but what they do not know; to
- rescue them, as Cicero had it, from the tyranny of the present.
- The problem with visuals is not just that they bombard us with
- images and information only of a user-friendly kind but also
- that they give us no help in telling image from illusion,
- information from real wisdom. Reducing everything to one
- dimension, they prepare us for everything except our daily
- lives. Nintendo, unlike stickball, leaves one unschooled in
- surprise; TV, unlike books, tells us when to stop and think.
- "The flow of messages from the instant everywhere," as Daniel
- Boorstin points out, "fills every niche in our consciousness,
- crowding out knowledge and understanding. For while knowledge
- is steady and cumulative, information is random and
- miscellaneous." A consciousness born primarily of visuals can
- come terrifyingly close to that of the tape-recorder novels
- of the vid kids' most successful voice, Bret Easton Ellis, in
- which everyone's a speed freak and relationships last about as
- long as videos. Life, you might say, by remote control.
- </p>
- <p> If today's computer-literate young truly do have the
- capacity to process images faster than their parents, they
- enjoy an unparalleled opportunity--so long as they learn to
- process words as well. They could become the first generation
- in history to be bilingual, in this sense, fluent onscreen as
- well as off. We need not, when we learn to talk, forget to
- communicate in other ways. But only words can teach the use of
- words, and ideas beget ideas. So just as certain tribes must
- be taught how to read a TV set, we must be taught how to read
- the world outside the TV set. Much better, then, to speak up
- than down, especially when speech itself is threatened. Nobody
- ever said that thinking need be binary. Nobody, that is,
- except, perhaps, a computer.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-